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英国文学选读
名词解释：
epic 史诗；叙事诗
a long narrative poem in the grand style
the Heroic Couplet(英雄双韵体)
The rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter(抑扬格五音步).
iambic/iamb
one unstressed syllabus/one stressed syllabus
pentameter
a line with five main beats a common pattern of beats in poetry, in which each line has five iambs.
Renaissance
Means rebirth or revival. It’s a movement in Europe where humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman, Catholic Church.
Humanism
Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Man is the measure of all things. Human beings were glorious.
sonnet
A sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines.
metre
formal rhythm in lines of verse
rhyme
two or more words with the same sound
blank verse
any verses, especially iambic pentameters that do not rhyme
ballad(民歌)
originally a song for dancers, then in mediaeval times a simple poem with short stanza a telling a story.
Critical realism 批判现实主义
Is one of the literary trends that flourished mainly in the 19th century. The great critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.
Stream of consciousness 意识流
Is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.
［标黄的地方考出处，其余考问答］
1.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟
The Canterbury Tales
Q: How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow?
A: Early spring ; happy, easy, lively, humorous
2.William Shakespeare 威廉 莎士比亚
Hamlet
Q: Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” “the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?
A: Perhaps there is sufferings in the dream.
Romeo and Juliet
Q1: What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?
A: Sun.
Q2: What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?
A: Hate.
Q3: What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, / And I am proof against their enmity”?
A: They can not hurt me. Only because you love me.
Sonnet 18
押韵方式：abab cdcd efef gg
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimed,
And every fair from sometime declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed:
Q: How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?
A: You are more lovely and more temperate than summer’s day.
3. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯 培根
Of Marriage and Single Life
Wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men’s nurses, so as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will.
Of Studies
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.
4. Jonathan Swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特
Gulliver’s Travels
Yahoos 野胡
